Growing a citrus tree in our Bay Area climate can be challenging and sometimes rewarding. When we think about where the bulk of the citrus that we find at the markets is grown in the U.S., we think of warm, sunny states like Arizona, Florida, Texas and parts of our own State. In the summer the days there are long and sunny, the nights warm, and the soil is porous and sandy. The winters are mild and nearly frost free. Together these are the ideal elements needed for most citrus to thrive and produce perfect, sweet (and sour!), juicy fruits.

These tropic-like conditions very rarely visit most East Bay and San Francisco areas. The fog is almost expected on some of our longest days of summer. Warm nights…maybe a few. Sandy soil…if you’re lucky! Yet, we have all seen or successfully grown a citrus tree here at some point or another.

Here are a few tips that might increase the chances of a good harvest:

Choose the right plant for your area. Avoid planting grapefruits and mandarins near the coast. Lemons and limes might be better suited in cooler climates. But, ask your neighbors or a nurseryperson, because there might be a variety or new hybrid out there that works.

• Plant in full sun, or the most you can provide. Heat is a requirement for most citrus to form sugars in sweet-fruited varieties of grapefruit, mandarins and oranges. Less so for sour types.
• Provide loose, well-draining soil. Citrus roots may suffer in our clay soil. Plant on a mound or in a raised bed. Or, try one in a large pot or half-barrel. Apply a layer of mulch to protect surface roots.
• Feed and water consistently. Several feedings of a complete fertilizer from late winter through the summer should do for most. This is more crucial if you are planting in a pot. Watch for signs of nitrogen deficiency or iron chlorosis. Treat accordingly.
• Prune to shape. Most fruit production is on the lower branches. Remove twiggy or weak growth. Pruning selectively while they’re young makes for more manageable and productive trees later. Watch out for thorns!
• Protect plants from frosty nights and mornings. A frost cover or an old sheet draped over a few supportive stakes will do, secured so that the wind doesn’t blow it away.

There are quite a few folks out there that have successfully grown healthy and productive citrus in our unique climate. Each probably has more helpful tips and a story to share. In our CITRUS section you’ll find a large selection of lemons, limes, mandarins (tangerines), oranges and more unusual citrus varieties like citron, kumquat and pummelo. With proper care and conditions, the varieties we’ve chosen will hopefully bring you a happy harvest.

Have fun in the garden!
—Che